Signaling Downstream of p38 in Psoriasis

CCN1 promotes IL-1β production in keratinocytes by activating p38 MAPK signaling in psoriasis

CCN1, an extracellular protein also known as cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), is a novel pro-inflammatory factor involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. As an inflammatory disease, psoriasis is characterized by keratinocyte activation-induced epidermal hyperplasia and cytokine-mediated inflammation. We demonstrated in our previous study that CCN1 promoted keratinocyte activation ...

SnapShot: p38 MAPK Signaling

Toll-like receptor downstream signaling

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) senses conserved structures found in a broad range of pathogens, causing innate immune responses that include the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and interferons. The signal transduction is initiated from the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of TLRs after pathogen recognition. Almost all TLRs use a TIR-containing adapter MyD88 to...

AKT/PKB Signaling: Navigating Downstream

The serine/threonine kinase Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), is a central node in cell signaling downstream of growth factors, cytokines, and other cellular stimuli. Aberrant loss or gain of Akt activation underlies the pathophysiological properties of a variety of complex diseases, including type-2 diabetes and cancer. Here, we review the molecular properties of Akt and the approache...

Identification of Genomic Targets Downstream of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Mediating Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Signaling

Zer C, Sachs G, Shin JM. Identification of genomic targets downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediating tumor necrosis factorsignaling. Physiol Genomics 31: 343–351, 2007. First published July 24, 2007; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00080.2007.— Inhibition of p38 MAPK suppresses the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFand IL-1 in macrophages and fibroblast-l...